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The decade of the 1990s witnessed enormous changes in the international environment. The Cold War conclusively ended. Biotechnology and communications technology made rapid advances. Barriers to international trade and investment declined. Taken together, these developments created many opportunities for peace and prosperity.

The decade of the 1990s witnessed enormous changes in the international environment. The Cold War conclusively ended. Biotechnology and communications technology made rapid advances. Barriers to international trade and investment declined. Taken together, these developments created many opportunities for peace and prosperity.At the same time, with the end of superpower domination, ethnically based intranational conflicts brought on widespread suffering. And while globalization expanded opportunity, growth, and incomes, it increased inequality of incomes and decreased human security. Moreover, as countries have become more closely linked, insecurity in one country has affected security in other countries.

 Lincoln Chen is Director of the Global Equity Initiative at Harvard University and a member of the Commission on human Security.SAKIKO FUKUDA-PARR is a Development economist working with a multi-disciplinary approach. She is currently Director of the Human Development Report office of the United Nations Development Programme.ELLEN SEIDENSTICKER is a Research Fellow and Deputy Director of the Global Equity Initiative at Harvard University.